华西秋雨异常变化可导致旱涝、引发滑坡泥石流等次生灾害,对农业生产、社会经济和人民生命财产安全具有重要影响。因此,开展华西秋季降水变化与机制研究对深化认识华西秋雨变化规律、提高预测能力具有重要的理论意义,也对防灾减灾具有重要实践意义。周波涛教授团队基于观测数据、再分析资料以及区域气候模式(RegCM4)动力降尺度模拟等,围绕华西秋雨的趋势变化及相关的物理机制开展了深入研究,取得系列成果。主要研究发现包括:
(1)观测的长期变化趋势:1960年代以来,华西秋雨呈现降水量和降水日数减少,平均强度增强的线性变化趋势。华西秋雨季开始时间延迟,结束时间提前。
(2)在年代际尺度上:华西秋季降水在1990年代末期出现从减少向增多趋势的年代际转折,这与由高纬南侵的冷空气加强、从低纬向北的水汽输送增强、以及东亚西风急流位置偏北有关。印度洋和大西洋海温由冷转暖的趋势变化具有重要作用。印度洋西部海温偏暖可引起阿拉伯海低层出现异常反气旋环流,有助于更多的水汽输送到华西区域;大西洋西部海温偏暖可以激发从大西洋到亚洲区域的遥相关波列,影响巴尔喀什湖槽和阿拉伯海低层反气旋异常,结果导致华西秋雨偏多。
(3)未来演变趋势:RCP4.5情景下,到本世纪末期(相对于1986-2005年),华西秋季降水量和降雨日数在华西西北部将增加,在东南部将减少。西北部降水增加的原因主要是因为纬向水汽输送增强和大气不稳定性增加,东南部降水减少的原因主要是由于水汽输送减弱。

Figure 1: (a) Time series of the autumn precipitation averaged over West China from 1961 to 2016. The values indicate the trends in two periods and the asterisk indicates the 95% significance level. (b) Linear trends of the autumn precipitation averaged over West China with a 20-year sliding window width for the period of 1961-2016

Figure 2: Time series of the four circulation indices from 1961 to 2016

Figure 3: Ensemble projected percentage changes (relative to 1986–2005) in (a, b) rainfall amount and (c, d) wet days over West China during autumn of (left-hand panels) 2046–2065 and (right-hand panels) 2080–2099. Hatched regions indicate above the three-fourth ensemble members agree on the sign of changes
论文信息
1. Zhou BT, Wu J, Xu Y, Han ZY, Shi Y. Projected changes in autumn rainfall over West China: results from an ensemble of dynamical downscaling simulations. International Journal of Climatology, 2019, 39: 4869-4882. doi: 10.1002/joc.6115
2. Zhou BT, Wang ZY. Enlightenment from heavy autumn rain of West China in 2017: synergic role of atmospheric circulation at mid-high latitudes and oceanic background. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2019, 138: 263-274. doi: 10.1007/s00704-019-02809-9
3. Wang ZY, Zhou BT*. Observed decadal transition in trend of autumn rainfall over central China in the late 1990s. Journal of Climate, 2019, 32: 1395-1409. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0112.1
4. Zhang C, Wang ZY, Zhou BT*, Li YH, Tang HY, Xiang B. Trends in autumn rain of West China from 1961 to 2014. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2019, 135: 533-544. doi: 10.1007/s00704-017-2361-9