观测表明,欧亚冬季气温异常有时在前冬和后冬出现相反的变化,并且伴随着北极气温异常的前后冬反转。在天气尺度上,北极-欧亚气温异常反转首先出现在12月底的北极(比如北极由冷异常转为暖异常),然后出现在1月初的欧亚中纬度(欧亚由暖异常转为冷异常),并持续至2月(图1)。前冬“北极偏冷、欧亚偏暖”、后冬“北极偏暖、欧亚偏冷”,伴随着中高纬大尺度大气环流异常的前后冬反转(如乌拉尔山阻塞高压、欧亚中高纬西风急流、平流层极涡)。
基于CESM控制试验和大集合数值试验的分析,揭示了大气内部变率对北极-欧亚气温异常前后冬反转的重要影响。在两套数值模拟试验中,前冬(后冬)“北极偏暖、欧亚偏冷”和后冬(前冬)“北极偏冷、欧亚偏暖”的概率均为~40%(与观测接近),大尺度大气环流异常的次季节反转也与再分析结果一致。再分析与数值试验中高度一致的气候动力过程,表明气温异常的次季节反转是北极-欧亚冬季气候的一种重要内部变率。
进一步分析发现,12月底乌拉尔山阻塞高压异常的反转是后冬北极-欧亚气温异常发生反转的前兆信号:乌拉尔山阻高和对流层西风急流异常的反转影响对流层准定常行星波(以一波为主)的上传,进而导致后冬平流层极涡、北极-欧亚气温异常出现反转。对流层波动激发对流层-平流层相互作用的机制,为北极-欧亚气温异常次季节反转的预测提供了思路。
论文信息:
Xu, X., S. He, B. Zhou, and H. Wang, 2022: Atmospheric contributions to the reversal of surface temperature anomalies between early and late winter over Eurasia. Earth's Future, 10, e2022EF002790.
Figure 1. Differences of (a) the meridional-mean SAT anomalies (units: °C) along 35°−60°N, (b) the zonal-mean SAT anomalies (units: °C) along 30°−90°E, (c) normalized EATI_2m, ARTI_2m, and ARTI_500 evolving from 1 December to 28 February (15-day low-pass filtered) composited between warm-to-cold and cold-to-warm winters over East Asia during 1979/80–2018/19 obtained from ERA-I. (a–b) Regions with significant anomalies above the 90% confidence level are marked with dots. Thick curves in (c) indicate the values exceeding the 90% confidence level.