乌拉尔山阻塞高压是对流层大气环流的一个主要模态,也是欧亚气候预测的关键信号之一。大量研究证实了冬季乌拉尔山阻塞高压与北极-欧亚气候之间的重要联系。近期,有少数观测分析和理想模式试验结果指出了11月乌拉尔山阻高对前冬北极-欧亚气候的可能影响。基于两套大样本数值试验结果,本研究发现12月北极-欧亚气候对11月乌拉尔山阻高异常的响应,取决于欧亚中高纬西风急流的强度。当11月阻高偏强、西风急流不显著偏弱时,12月中高纬大气环流和气温无显著响应;当11月阻高偏强、且西风急流显著偏弱时,12月易出现显著的“北极偏暖、欧亚偏冷”模态(图1)。
根据波流相互作用理论,对流层弱西风波导有利于准定常行星波向上传播至平流层。11月弱西风急流有利于阻高偏强激发的准定常行星波上传至平流层,导致平流层极涡持续偏弱,并在12月下传至对流层(以行星波一波为主),引起“北极偏暖、欧亚偏冷”异常。强西风急流则不利于11月行星波的上传,导致11月阻高异常对前冬气候的影响较弱。本研究所揭示的对流层西风急流对11月乌拉尔山阻高影响12月“北极偏暖、欧亚偏冷”模态的调制作用,对北极-欧亚气候的次季节预测有一定意义。
论文信息:
Xu, X., S. He, B. Zhou, H. Wang, and S. Outten, 2022: The role of mid-latitude westerly jet in the impacts of November Ural blocking on early-winter warmer Arctic-colder Eurasia pattern. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL099096.
Figure 1. Composites of December SAT anomalies (shading; °C) and 300 hPa zonal wind anomalies (contours; m/s) following (a) strong UB with weakened WW in November and (b) strong UB without weakened WW in November, derived from the 40 ensemble members of CESM-LE during 1920–2099. (c–d) Same as (a–b), but derived from the ensemble mean of 40 CGCMs in CMIP6 historical simulations during 1850–2013. (a–b) Regions with significant anomalies above the 95% confidence level are marked with dots and all contours exceed the 95% confidence level. (c–d) Temperature/zonal wind anomalies where more than 80% (90%) of the models agree on the sign of the ensemble mean are shown as grey (white) stippling/green contours.